The numbers of cases and cause-specific deaths refer to data recorded in National Notifiable Disease Reporting System in China, which includes both clinically-diagnosed cases and laboratory-confirmed cases. Only reported cases of the 31 provincial-level administrative divisions in Chinese mainland are included in the table, whereas data of Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Macau Special Administrative Region, and Taiwan, China are not included. Monthly statistics are calculated without annual verification which is usually conducted in February of the next year for de-duplication and verification of reported cases in annual statistics. Therefore, 12-month cases could not be added together directly to calculate the cumulative cases because the individual information might be verified via National Notifiable Disease Reporting System according to information verification or field investigations by local CDCs.

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Seasonal Patterns: The data shows a clear seasonal pattern in the number of cases and deaths in mainland China. There is a noticeable increase in cases and deaths during the winter months (December to February) and a decrease during the summer months (June to August). This pattern is consistent throughout the years.
Peak and Trough Periods: The peak period for both cases and deaths occurs in the winter months (December to February), with the highest number of cases and deaths reported during these months. The trough period, with the lowest number of cases and deaths, occurs during the summer months (June to August).
Overall Trends: Overall, there is an upward trend in the number of cases and deaths in mainland China before June 2023. The number of cases and deaths generally increase from 2010 to 2019, with some fluctuations. The highest increase in cases and deaths is observed in 2019 and 2020. After 2020, there is a slight decrease in the number of cases and deaths, but the overall trend remains upward.
Discussion: The seasonal patterns observed in the data indicate that there may be higher transmission of the disease during the winter months, potentially due to factors such as increased indoor gatherings and lower humidity levels. The peak and trough periods align with the seasonal patterns, with higher numbers during the winter and lower numbers during the summer.
The overall trend of increasing cases and deaths before June 2023 is consistent with the global trend of the COVID-19 pandemic in its early years. The significant increase in cases and deaths in 2019 and 2020 suggests a possible outbreak or surge during that period.
It is important to note that further analysis and investigation would be needed to understand the specific factors contributing to these trends, such as changes in testing capacity, public health measures, and population dynamics. Additionally, the impact of vaccines and other interventions could also have influenced the trends observed.